生活贫困的孩子的大脑与普通人差别最明显的部位是海马体以及大脑前额叶。3D透视图中,蓝色区域为海马体,红色和黄色区域为大脑前额叶。图片来源:Jamie Hanson (Duke University, Durham, NC, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC).
在过去的几年中,邓肯和诺贝尔一直在为一项随机对照试验的经费和启动奔走,这项实验将能明确地回答收入水平是否与孩子的认知能力和大脑发育有关。研究人员设想的实验方式是,给1000个在美国四个不同地点出生的婴儿的低收入母亲发放为期三年的借记卡。这些随机分配给实验组的借记卡每月会存入$333,一些研究表明这个数额能够影响较年长孩子的认知发展[16],并且也同某些项目提供的福利水平相当,比如对有工作的穷人实行的联邦所得税抵免项目(the Federal Earned Income Tax Credit)。对照组的卡里则只会每月象征性的存入$20。这些家庭可以以他们希望的任何形式使用这些钱。到孩子的第二个生日时,研究人员将对他们的家庭氛围、文学活动、家庭压力以及家长的心理健康进行评估。到三岁的时候,孩子们将会收到一套全面的认知测试题。
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